Density, also known as the unit weight, is the mass per unit volume of the material. It is presented in Kg/m or lb/ft and shows the construction material’s compactness.

Density can be stated as ρ = m / v = 1/v

Where ρ = Density, m = Mass, V = Volume.

Unit weight or density of different construction materials are tabulated below.

S.No.

Construction Materials

Density (Kg/m3)

1

WATER

1000

Wood (various types)

2

Balsa

170

3

Bamboo

300 – 400

4

Pine

370 – 530

5

Cedar

380

6

Aspen

420

7

Willow wood

420

8

African mahogany

495 – 850

9

Honduras mahogany

545

10

American red wood

450

11

European red wood

510

12

Spruce (Canadian)

450

13

Spruce (Sitka)

450

14

Afromosia

705

15

apple

660 – 830

16

Ash (black)

540

17

Ash (white)

670

18

Birch

670

19

Ebony

960 – 1120

20

Elm

600 – 815

21

Iroko

655

22

Larch

590

23

Maple

755

24

Oak

590 – 930

25

Teak

630 – 720

26

Sycamore

590

27

Lignam vitae

1280 – 1370

28

Sandy soil

1800

29

Clay soil

1900

30

Gravel soil

2000

31

Sandstone

2000

32

Silt

2100

33

Chalk

2100

34

Shale

2500

35

Sedimentary rocks

2600

36

Metamorphic rocks

2700

37

Igneous rocks (felsic)

2700

38

Igneous rocks (mafic)

3000

39

Bricks

1500-1800

40

Asphalt

721

41

Cement

1440

42

Cement mortar

2080

43

Lime

640

44

Lime mortar

1760

45

Concrete (P.C.C)

2400

46

Concrete (R.C.C)

2500

47

Steel

7850

48

Stainless steel

7480 – 8000

49

Aluminum

2739

50

Magnesium

1738

51

Cobalt

8746

52

Nickel

8908

53

Tin

7280

54

Lead

11340

55

Zinc

7135

56

Cast iron

7208

57

Copper

8940

58

Iron

7850

59

Glass

2580


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